Minakjingga_Damarwulan

In Fibre Damarwulan, whether in prose, song and Langendriyan, appear the names of such figures as Damarwulan, Menakjingga, Kencanawungu, Logender, Seta and Layang Layang Kumitir, Anjasmara, Ranggalawe, and so forth. From the whole name of the character mentioned only Ranggalawe name is known in history books as taught in schools. Regent Tuban Ranggalawe is accused of rebellion to the Majapahit. The emergence of this character in the story Damarwulan become the entry point to examine whether other figures mentioned in this story is really just a historical figure or fictional characters or purely imaginary.Ranggalawe in comic strip
In the history of Majapahit Ranggalawe lived during the reign of two kings namely Kertarajasa Jayawardana who ruled in 1294-1309, and which then holds Jayanagara Kalagemet who ruled in 1309-1328. Duke Ranggalawe Tuban is one of the vassal of Majapahit. He was accused of insubordination against the Majapahit and do not want to overlook the Majapahit, which he combated by Majapahit troops and died in battle in 1309.

Fiber Damarwulan describes the story precisely contrary to the facts above. In this manuscript, Ranggalawe actually fall for defending against Menakjingga Majapahit, Duke Blambangan a rebel. At this Menakjingga rebellion, Majapahit ruled by a king who holds Kencanawungu women. In the history of Majapahit was known two women who became king, namely replacing Tribuanatunggadewi Jayawisnuwardana Kalagemet or Jayawardana who died in 1328.King is another woman Suhita Goddess, who ascended the throne of a century later in 1429. He succeeded his father Wikramawardana who reputedly had chosen to live as a Brahmin. If what is meant by Kencanawungu is Suhita or Tribuanatunggadewi it is clear that Ranggalawe described in this Damarwulan Fiber Ranggalawe not in rebellion against the Majapahit, for them that live in a different era. Ranggalawe killed in 1309 while the new Tribuanatunggadewi reign in the year 1328 and new Suhita Goddard ruled in 1429.How to figure Menakjingga, Duke Blambangan which in Fiber Damarwulan told combated by Majapahit for rebelling and wanted to woo Kencanawungu. Really none other Menakjingga Bhre Wirabumi as expected by Pigeaud and Brandes?



MenakjinggaSo it is clear that the motive for rebellion Bhre Wirabumi are seizing the throne, while in Fiber Damarwulan told that the motive for rebellion Menakjingga is because Kencanawungu rejected his proposal. If Bhre Wirabumi is Menakjingga, seems a bit strange because with that he intends to marry his own grandson.
 Another discrepancy is the temporal problem. As mentioned above, that new Suhita Goddard ruled in 1429 after his father died Wikramawardana. Chances are that the intention to lift the Goddess Suhita Wikramawardana succeed him in 1400 was undone after the rebellion, and new daughter actually became king after he died. Thus difficult to understand if Bhre Wirabumi Menak Orange is the same as the fall Bhre Wirabumi at Paregreg War (1404-1406) occurred during the reign of Wikramawardana, whereas in Fiber Damarwulan mentioned that Menakjingga killed in the reign of Kencanawungu or Goddess Suhita. It is well to clarify again that the Golden Wungu and Suhita difficult to associate.


Damarwulan
 How to figure Damarwulan? He is actually justified as Raden Gadjah dikemukan by some previous researchers. In the history of the War Paregrek told that initially the Majapahit troops suffered defeat. Then diutuslah Raden Gadjah as warlords. Raden Gadjah managed to drive out troops kill Brhe Wirabumi Blambangan and when he wanted to escape with a boat ride. Raden Gadjah then behead Bhre Wirabumi and taken to the Majapahit. As mentioned before this incident happened in the reign of Wikramawardana. The interesting thing is that in the year 1433, during the reign of Suhita Goddard (1429-1447), Gadjah Raden sentenced to death in retaliation for the death Bhre Wirabumi.Based on the above facts it is difficult to understand if this is equated with Raden Gadjah Damarwulan. Because the Fibre Damarwulan told that after a successful kill Menak Orange he is crowned king of Majapahit and gain Kencanawungu as empress. This does not occur on the existing facts about the history of Gadjah Raden. Another fact that could argue Raden Dadjah-Damarwulan association is mentioned that the husband is not Raden Gadjah Goddess Suhita but Bhre Prameswara. Is Brhe Prameswara is another name of Raden Gadjah? It seems also not, as is mentioned that Raden Gadjah was executed in 1433, while new Prameswara Bhre died 13 years later, namely in the year 1446.Stutterheim has another view, that is Kertawardana Damarwulan, husband Tribuanatunggadewi associated with Kencanawungu, while the duke Sadeng Menakjingga. Stutterheim opinion is based on Fibre Pararaton, in which mention Kertawardana Anjasmara as concubines. In fiber Damarwulan Anjasmara is concubines Damarwulan, Patih Majapahit princess, Logender, and has a twin brother named Layangseta and Layangkumitir.
Sutterheim opinion contains several problems. Indeed, during the reign of Tribuanatunggadewi, Majapahit had faced a revolt from Sadeng which are also located in Besuki Blambangan territory. But this rebellion can be extinguished because of skill Patih Gadjah Mada. In this Sadeng quell the rebellion there is competition between Patih Gadjah Mada University with a character named Ra Twins. Ra twins are very envious of Gadjah Mada University who entrusted the Queen to crush this rebellion. Therefore, he also made attempts to get attention with the queen to get involved in crushing the rebellion Sadeng this. At the end of the rebellion occurred Sadeng duel between Gadjah Mada University and Ra Twins are then marked as an important episode from the history of Majapahit, because in the event that the famous oath of Gadjah Mada, "Palapa Oath" was pronounced. In this duel of Gadjah Mada Ra defeated the Twins, and for his services he was appointed as Patih Majapahit.

Twin Ra figures are associated with Layangseta and Layangkumitir in Damarwulan story. Layangkumitir Layangseta and this is the twin brother of the governor's son Majapahit, Logender. Told both very ambitious to also get top notch in Majapahit and participate combat Kencanawungu Menakjingga to get attention. Two leaders of this twin has a characteristic similar to the Twin Ra figure that is also very ambitious, cunning and treacherous. At the end of the rebellion did occur Menankjingga duel between Damarwulan against Layangseta and Layangkumitir. In this duel Damarwulan Layangseta and Layangkumitir defeated, and for his services he was made king and a husband Kencanawungu. From this comparison concluded that Damarwulan is Gadjah Mada. Herein lies the gaffe that, because at the same time Damarwulan associated with Kertawardana. In fact in the history Kertawardana and Gadjahmada is a different character. In the history of Gadjah Mada Tribuanatunggadewi never marry and never crowned king of Majapahit, whereas in Fiber Damarwulan told Damarwulan meperistri Kencanawungu once crowned king of Majapahit.From the efforts of the above comparisons it can be concluded that apparently will be in vain to impose that the figures mentioned in the Fibre Damarwulan, including Duke Ranggalawe in the story, the characters who never existed in history. In other words Fibre Damarwulan is mere fiction associated with historical events that occurred during the period of the triumph of Majapahit. The next question is why the author put ceritaanya Damarwulan Fibers in the context of the history of Majapahit? Who was the creator of Fiber Damarwulan, when the manuscript was first created and for what purposes Damarwulan script was created?